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TB admin

Do you Know Tuberculosis can cause infertility in females and males?

Dr. Chhavi Gupta
DM (Infectious disease), AIIMS, New Delhi
Senior Consultant, Yashoda Superpseciality Hospital, Kaushambi

 The association between infection and infertility has been long known. The infections that manifest symptomatically are identified easily and timely and can be managed. However, infections that lead to asymptomatic infections or remain dormant are more damaging as lack of symptoms prevents a patient from seeking timely medical intervention and consequently chronic damage to reproductive organs.

It is always believed by the common man that TB can affect only the lungs, but TB can affect any body part beyond the lung known as extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). TB affecting reproductive organs, also known as Genitourinary TB is responsible for 27.1 per cent cases of EPTB. The exact incidence of female genitourinary TB is not known because of vague symptomatology or asymptomatic cases, lack of sensitive diagnostic tests, and cases are not underreported.  Genital TB mostly spreads from the lungs or other organs via blood or sometimes directly spreads from adjacent organs like abdominal TB or may be sexually transmitted from active genitourinary TB in the partner.

Female Genitourinary TB and Infertility

TB causes both functional and physiological damage to the reproductive system. Genital TB in females affect most commonly fallopian tubes (90% of cases) leading to tubal blockage, and the uterus in 70% of cases resulting in decreased endometrial receptivity for implantation of a fertilized egg; ovaries are affected in 20-25 % of cases resulting in poor egg formation. Apart from affecting organs, Genital Tb also causes disturbance in the immune system, which may interfere with the implantation of fertilized eggs in the uterus. Thus, genital TB in females not only affect conception but also the ability to carry pregnancy. Further, it is important to note that not only genital TB causes infertility but TB affecting any other organ in the body causes malnutrition, immune disturbances, and impaired hormone production which can lead to poor egg formation or secondary amenorrhoea resulting in infertility.

Infertility treatment and risk of TB

As we learned TB is one of the main reasons for infertility but vice versa is there. Reactivation of TB can occur after surgical manipulation, high steroid levels, immune system perturbations, and increased vascularity during ovarian stimulation are thought to be the triggering factors for TB reactivation.

Male Genitourinary TB and Infertility

Genital TB in males predominantly causes structural damage to the male reproductive system. About 10% of patients with male genital TB may present with infertility, and around 4.0–9.1% of such men may have poor semen quality. Sometimes, scarring and fibrosis may persist even after successful treatment of TB. Similar to females, males may also remain asymptomatic or they may present as an unexplained, gradually progressing decline in semen quality or sometimes TB is picked incidentally during diagnostic workup. Sometimes, TB of any other part of the body apart from genital TB can affect the overall health of males leading to malnutrition and oligospermia.

Genital TB is a paucibacillary disease, i.e. number of tuberculosis bacteria that can be detected is very scanty, hence the diagnosis is very difficult. The diagnostic work requires complete investigations like blood test, radiology test, endometrial biopsies or aspirate followed by pathological or microbiological conformation. Sometimes in absence of appropriate diagnostic test, patients end up in taking tuberculosis treatment based on suspicious or misleading diagnostic test, this may be equally harmful as unnecessary tuberculosis treatment may promote drug resistant tuberculosis.

Genital TB is a complex and chronic infection that can affect reproductive system of both males or females resulting in infertility. Early detection and treatment can prevent irreversible damage but being paucibacillary disease, diagnosis remains difficult. With recent advancement in diagnostic test, detailed history and meticulous examination and diagnostic work up is key to success. Couple must seek specialist opinion before starting tuberculosis treatment for infertility.

HIV admin

Understanding the Importance of the HPV Vaccine: Protecting Against Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer remains one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. A significant cause of this cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. The HPV vaccine is a crucial tool in the fight against cervical cancer, offering a preventative measure that can save lives. This blog post delves into the importance of the HPV vaccine, its administration, and its role in cancer prevention.

What is HPV?

HPV is a group of more than 200 related viruses, with more than 40 types transmitted through direct sexual contact. While many HPV infections go away on their own and do not cause any health problems, some can persist and lead to genital warts or, more seriously, cervical cancer. Other cancers caused by HPV include cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx (throat, tongue, and tonsils).

The Link Between HPV and Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is almost always caused by HPV. In particular, two types of HPV (types 16 and 18) are responsible for approximately 70% of all cervical cancer cases. The virus infects the cells of the cervix, leading to changes that, over time, can develop into cancer if not detected and treated early.

The HPV Vaccine: An Effective Preventative Measure

The HPV vaccine is designed to protect against the types of HPV that most commonly cause cervical cancer and genital warts. It is highly effective and has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of these conditions.

Who Should Get the HPV Vaccine?

The HPV vaccine is recommended for:

  • Girls and boys aged 9-14 years: This age group benefits the most because they should receive the vaccine before becoming sexually active.
  • Females and males aged 15-26 years: Those who were not vaccinated earlier should still get the vaccine for protection.
  • Immunocompromised individuals: Such as people living with HIV/AIDS, who may require 2 or 3 doses depending on their age and health condition.

Vaccine Administration

The HPV vaccine is typically administered in two or three doses over six months, depending on the age and health status of the individual:

  • Younger age groups (9-14 years): 2 doses
  • Individuals aged 15-26 years or immunocompromised individuals: 2 or 3 doses

Benefits of the HPV Vaccine

  • Prevents Cervical Cancer: By protecting against the high-risk types of HPV, the vaccine can prevent the majority of cervical cancer cases.
  • Reduces the Risk of Other Cancers: The vaccine also lowers the risk of other cancers associated with HPV.
  • Decreases the Incidence of Genital Warts: The vaccine protects against the types of HPV that cause genital warts.
  • Contributes to Herd Immunity: Widespread vaccination can lead to a significant reduction in the overall prevalence of HPV in the population, providing indirect protection to those who are not vaccinated.

Safety and Side Effects

The HPV vaccine has been thoroughly tested and is considered safe. The most common side effects are mild and include pain at the injection site, headache, and fever. Severe side effects are rare.

Conclusion

The HPV vaccine is a powerful tool in the fight against cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases. By vaccinating boys and girls at an early age, we can significantly reduce the incidence of these serious health conditions. It’s crucial for parents to understand the importance of the HPV vaccine and to ensure their children receive it on time.

For expert advice and vaccination, consult Dr. Chhavi Gupta, an infectious diseases specialist from AIIMS, New Delhi.

📞 Call Now: 8851 346 424

Cancer, HIV admin

CERVICAL CANCER: CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS

Cervical cancer is primarily caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), which spreads through sexual contact. Several factors can increase the risk of developing cervical cancer:

  1. Multiple Sexual Partners: Having multiple sexual partners increases the likelihood of contracting HPV, the primary cause of cervical cancer.
  2. Early Age at First Intercourse: Engaging in sexual activity at a young age is linked to a higher risk of HPV infection, which can lead to cervical cancer.
  3. Smoking: Smoking damages cervical cells and weakens the immune system, making it harder to fight HPV infections.
  4. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV increase the risk of HPV infection and cervical cancer.
  5. Frequent Pregnancy/Birth: Multiple full-term pregnancies can increase the risk of cervical cancer due to hormonal changes and HPV exposure.
  6. Long-term Use of Contraceptives: Extended use of oral contraceptives is associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer.
  7. Family History: Having a family history of cervical cancer can increase the risk, indicating a possible genetic predisposition.

Preventive Measures:

  • HPV Vaccination: Vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix protect against the HPV strains most commonly linked to cervical cancer.
  • Regular Screening: Pap smears and HPV tests help detect precancerous changes in the cervix, allowing for early treatment.
  • Safe Sexual Practices: Using condoms and limiting sexual partners reduce the risk of HPV infection.
  • Quitting Smoking: Avoiding tobacco lowers the risk of cervical and other cancers.

For expert advice and care, consult Dr. Chhavi Gupta, an infectious diseases specialist with qualifications from AIIMS, New Delhi.

📞 Call Now: +91 8851 346 424

TB admin

How Does Tuberculosis (TB) Affect Pregnancy?

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body. For pregnant women, TB poses unique challenges and risks that need to be carefully managed to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. In this blog post, we’ll explore how TB affects pregnancy, the potential risks involved, and the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment.

Understanding Tuberculosis in Pregnancy

TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. When TB occurs during pregnancy, it can lead to complications if not properly managed. Pregnant women are at risk of both pulmonary TB (affecting the lungs) and extrapulmonary TB (affecting other organs).

Risks to the Mother

1. Increased Fatigue:
Pregnancy naturally comes with increased fatigue, and TB can exacerbate this condition, making it more difficult for the expectant mother to manage daily activities.

2. Nutritional Deficiencies:
TB can affect the body’s ability to absorb nutrients, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Proper nutrition is critical during pregnancy to support the health of both the mother and the developing baby.

3. Complications:
Women with TB may face a higher risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery. This can include a higher likelihood of developing anemia, experiencing preterm labor, and needing medical interventions during childbirth.

Risks to the Baby

1. Low Birth Weight:
Babies born to mothers with TB are at a higher risk of being born with low birth weight, which can lead to additional health challenges in the early stages of life.

2. Preterm Birth:
There is an increased risk of preterm birth (delivery before 37 weeks of gestation) among pregnant women with TB. Preterm babies often require special care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

3. Congenital TB:
Although rare, TB can be transmitted from the mother to the baby during pregnancy or delivery. Congenital TB is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention.

Key Points for Managing TB During Pregnancy

1. Early Diagnosis:
Early diagnosis of TB is crucial for effective management. Pregnant women who exhibit symptoms of TB, such as persistent cough, weight loss, night sweats, or fever, should seek medical evaluation promptly.

2. Proper Treatment:
Safe and effective TB treatment options are available for pregnant women. It’s essential to follow the treatment regimen prescribed by healthcare professionals to control the infection and reduce the risk of complications.

3. Regular Monitoring:
Pregnant women with TB require close monitoring by healthcare providers to ensure both maternal and fetal health. This includes regular prenatal visits, TB treatment adherence, and nutritional support.

4. Nutritional Support:
Maintaining proper nutrition is vital for pregnant women with TB. A balanced diet that meets the increased nutritional demands of pregnancy can help improve overall health and outcomes.

5. Avoiding Exposure:
Pregnant women should avoid close contact with individuals known to have active TB to reduce the risk of transmission.

Conclusion

Tuberculosis during pregnancy is a serious condition that requires careful management and monitoring. By understanding the risks and following appropriate medical guidance, pregnant women with TB can achieve better health outcomes for themselves and their babies. Early diagnosis, proper treatment, and regular prenatal care are key components in managing TB effectively during pregnancy.

For expert guidance on managing TB during pregnancy, consult Dr. Chhavi Gupta, an infectious diseases specialist from AIIMS, New Delhi. Dr. Gupta’s expertise and comprehensive care approach ensure the best possible outcomes for both mother and baby.

Contact Details:

  • Name: Dr. Chhavi Gupta, MBBS, MD, DM (AIIMS, New Delhi)
  • Specialty: Infectious Diseases Specialist
  • Phone: +91 8851 346 424

 

Urine Infection admin

Understanding Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections that affect millions of people worldwide, causing discomfort and inconvenience. Despite being prevalent, UTIs are often misunderstood, leading to misconceptions about their causes, symptoms, and treatment. In this blog post, we will delve into the intricacies of UTIs, shedding light on their causes, symptoms, and available treatment options.

Causes of UTIs:

UTIs typically occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder. Various factors can increase the risk of developing a UTI, including:
1. Poor hygiene habits.
2. Sexual activity, which can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
3. Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or kidney stones, that interfere with normal urinary function.
4. Structural abnormalities in the urinary tract that make it easier for bacteria to proliferate.

Symptoms of UTIs:

The symptoms of a UTI can vary depending on the part of the urinary tract affected and the severity of the infection. Common symptoms include:
1. Pain or burning sensation during urination.
2. Frequent urge to urinate, even when the bladder is empty.
3. Cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
4. Pain or pressure in the lower abdomen or back.
5. Fatigue or malaise.
6. Fever or chills (in more severe cases).

Treatment Options for UTIs:

The treatment of UTIs typically involves a course of antibiotics to eliminate the underlying bacterial infection. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment may vary depending on factors such as the type of bacteria causing the infection and the severity of symptoms. In addition to antibiotics, healthcare providers may recommend:
1. Drinking plenty of water to help flush out bacteria from the urinary tract.
2. Avoiding irritants such as caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods that can exacerbate symptoms.
3. Using over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen to alleviate discomfort.
4. Practicing good hygiene, including wiping from front to back after using the bathroom and urinating after sexual activity.

Preventing UTIs:

While UTIs are common, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing them, including:
1. Drinking plenty of water to maintain urinary tract health.
2. Urinating frequently to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract.
3. Practicing good hygiene, including keeping the genital area clean and dry.
4. Avoiding the use of harsh soaps or douches in the genital area, as they can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria.
5. Urinating after sexual activity to help prevent the introduction of bacteria into the urinary tract.

Conclusion:

UTIs are common bacterial infections that can cause discomfort and inconvenience if left untreated. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for UTIs, individuals can take proactive steps to prevent and manage these infections effectively. If you experience symptoms of a UTI, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly to receive appropriate treatment and prevent complications. Consult Dr. Chhavi Gupta, an expert in infectious diseases with qualifications from AIIMS, New Delhi, for personalized care and treatment options at Yashoda Super Speciality Hospital. For appointments, call +91 8851 346 424.

HIV admin

Understanding Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): A Critical Tool in HIV Prevention

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) is a crucial intervention for preventing HIV transmission after potential exposure to the virus. In this blog post, we’ll delve into what PEP is, how it works, when to use it, and its importance in HIV prevention efforts.

What is PEP?
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) is a short-term antiretroviral treatment aimed at reducing the risk of HIV infection after potential exposure. It involves taking a combination of HIV medications for a specified period, following a possible exposure to the virus.

How Does PEP Work?
PEP works by inhibiting the replication of the HIV virus within the body, thereby preventing it from establishing a foothold and causing infection. The medications used in PEP interfere with various stages of the HIV life cycle, blocking its ability to replicate and spread.

When to Use PEP:
PEP should be initiated as soon as possible after a potential exposure to HIV. It is recommended for individuals who may have been exposed to HIV through unprotected sex, needle sharing, or occupational exposure (e.g., needlestick injuries among healthcare workers).

Importance of PEP:
PEP plays a crucial role in HIV prevention efforts by providing a second chance to prevent infection after a potential exposure. It offers peace of mind and reassurance to individuals who may have engaged in risky behaviors or experienced accidental exposure to HIV.

Dr. Chhavi Gupta’s Expertise:
Dr. Chhavi Gupta, an infectious disease specialist with extensive experience in HIV care and prevention, emphasizes the importance of PEP in reducing the risk of HIV transmission. With a background in MBBS, MD, and DM from AIIMS, New Delhi, Dr. Gupta is committed to providing comprehensive HIV care, including access to PEP, to her patients.

Conclusion:
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) is a critical tool in HIV prevention, offering a second chance to prevent infection after potential exposure to the virus. Timely initiation of PEP, along with comprehensive HIV care, can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission and contribute to better health outcomes. If you believe you may have been exposed to HIV, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice and consider PEP as part of your HIV prevention strategy.

HIV admin

Busting Myths on HIV and Pregnancy

Every year World AIDS Day is observed on 1st December to create awareness about the disease. The third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-3) has a target to end the epidemic of HIV/AIDS by 2030 (Project 2030). This will be achieved when the number of new HIV infections and ‘AIDS-related deaths decline by 90% between 2010 and 2030. By 2025, 95% of all people living with HIV (PLHIV) should have a diagnosis, 95% of those should be taking lifesaving antiretroviral treatment (ART) and 95% of PLHIV on treatment should achieve a suppressed viral load for the benefit of the person’s health and for reducing onward HIV transmission. There has been a significant revolution in the treatment of HIV/AIDS since 1996 till date, innovation in HIV tools such as effective single pill daily (ART) keep the viral load below the target level and effective prevention strategies (pre-exposure or post-exposure) prevent viral transmission including prevention of transmission of the virus from mother to child. Soon long-acting injections are expected in India to further improve adherence.  Affordable viral testing has enabled significant progress in long-term monitoring and follow-up of PLHIV.

However, despite all efforts, stigma and discrimination remain formidable barriers to effective HIV testing, prevention, and care. HIV stigma is rooted in a fear of HIV. PLHIV especially key populations are still struggling to overcome their fear and do not come out to avail treatment.  Here we bust some myths about HIV related to pregnancy and childbirth.

Myth: HIV always leads to AIDS which means death.

Fact: HIV attacks the immune system, while AIDS is a medical condition caused by HIV infection in advanced stages when the immune system is severely weakened. With effective ART pills, it is possible to keep the viral load to a very negligible level and halt the progression of HIV into AIDS.

Myth: HIV-infected people cannot have children safely.

Fact: With effective medications, HIV-infected people can have children safely. Pre-exposure prophylaxis can be offered to couples where one partner is negative so that they may conceive naturally or they may go for assisted reproductive techniques like intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization where the chance of HIV transmission becomes negligible.

Myth: Children born to HIV-infected mothers are always at risk for contracting HIV.

Fact: HIV can also be transmitted from a pregnant person to their child during pregnancy, delivery, and through breastfeeding. However, the risk of transmission of HIV from infected mothers to a child is almost negligible if the mother has suppressed viral load while continuously taking medicines. After birth child is also given medicine as a post-exposure prophylaxis.

Myth: Caesarean Section is always required for HIV-infected pregnant females to prevent transmission to a child.

Fact: With modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), the viral load becomes negligible in the mother’s body and the chance of transmission during delivery is reduced significantly, hence pregnant females can go for normal vaginal delivery. Cesarean section is indicated only for obstetric reasons.

Myth: Children born to HIV-infected mothers should not be breastfed.

Fact: HIV-infected mothers should be breastfeeding babies as long as possible along with daily ART medicines to prevent transmission of the virus through mothers’ milk.

TB admin

TB prevention therapy – game changer in END TB STRATEGY

Tuberculosis has been one of the deadliest diseases worldwide for centuries. According to Global TB Report 2023, an estimated 10.6 million people fell ill with TB globally and 1.3 million people suffering from TB died globally in 2022. India carries a high burden of TB, with an estimated 27% of the global TB cases and 31% of global deaths due to TB cases. This causes substantial economic loss in terms of loss of lives, workdays and income. United Nations Sustainable Developmental Goals (UN SDG) aimed at ending the TB epidemic by 2030. India is one of the signatories of the UN SDG and has committed to End TB by 2025, five years ahead of the SDG timeline. To accomplish the goal, Pradhan Mantri TB Mukht Bharat Abhiyan was launched and the national TB program has made significant strides in recent years in terms of advanced and effective interventions for TB diagnosis, treatment, and care by scaling up diagnostic capacity, intensified active case finding, launching Nikshay Poshan Yojna (TB Nutritional support program). Till now the focus of the National TB control program is active case detection and treatment, however, targeted treatment of persons at risk of developing active TB disease is a crucial component of the End TB Strategy. Hence, the TB Preventive Treatment (TPT) program has been launched to decrease the latent TB reservoir, preventing the development of active TB and its spread in the community. Every year World TB Day is celebrated on 24th March and this year’s theme is “Yes We Can End TB”. In this article, we will highlight some facts about latent TB and TB preventive therapy.

What is latent TB and Tuberculosis infection?

Latent TB or Tuberculosis infection is scientifically defined as a state of persistent immune response to prior-acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens without evidence of clinically manifested active TB. People who have been exposed to TB bacteria inhale them, the immune system prevents these bacteria from growing, and bacteria remain dormant in the lungs of an individual for a long time. People with latent TB do not exhibit symptoms, the load of TB bacteria is very low, and hence it does not spread in the community. However, they can be carriers of TB bacteria. However, at any point in life especially in people with weakened immune systems like diabetes, or immunocompromised patients, TB bacteria may become active, resulting in Tuberculosis disease. Now this active TB bacteria load is very high and can easily spread from one person to another. The transition phase from LTBI to active TB infection can linger long and even during the initial period of active TB, the patient may be unaware of the illness; during this period there is a high chance of spread of active TB bacteria.

What is the current burden of Latent TB?

According to estimates, almost 33% of people worldwide have latent tuberculosis, while in India; the estimated prevalence is 31%.

What is Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT)?

TB Preventive therapy consists of one or two anti-tubercular drugs given to persons with a history of exposure to TB or those who are infected with TB (latent TB or TBI) and are at higher risk of developing active TB than the general population to prevent the development of active TB disease.

How does TPT work?

According to available data, 51% of people having latent TB will gradually develop TB disease throughout their lives depending upon their immune status. TPT eliminates the dormant TB bacteria inside the body before it can develop into active TB and damage the organs. However, it will work only if active TB is ruled out in the concerned person. The goal is to reduce TB transmission in the community to have a significant impact on human health

Who should take TPT?

All household contacts of active pulmonary (lung) TB, immunosuppressed patients and patients on dialysis are eligible for TPT after ruling out active TB.

How TPT should be taken?

TPT should be taken only after being prescribed by the medical practitioner. It consists of one or two pills to be taken daily for the defined duration as recommended by the medical practitioner. It does not involve major side effects.

How does TPT help in TB elimination?

The available studies have shown that TPT reduces the risk of TBI converting to active TB by 60-70%. Hence it will help in reducing the burden of TB and also halts the transmission of TB in the community.

TB admin

Understanding Tuberculosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, affecting millions of people each year. Despite advances in medical science, TB continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this blog post, we delve into the intricacies of TB, exploring its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options.

What is Tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, spine, and brain. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing bacteria-containing droplets that can be inhaled by others.

Symptoms of Tuberculosis

The symptoms of TB can vary depending on the type and severity of the infection. Common symptoms include:

  1. Persistent cough that lasts for more than three weeks
  2. Chest pain
  3. Coughing up blood or phlegm
  4. Fatigue
  5. Fever and chills
  6. Night sweats
  7. Loss of appetite
  8. Unintended weight loss

Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Diagnosing TB typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. These tests may include:

  1. Tuberculin skin test (TST): A small amount of tuberculin protein is injected under the skin, and the area is checked for a reaction after a few days.
  2. Chest X-ray: This can reveal abnormalities in the lungs that may indicate TB.
  3. Sputum test: A sample of sputum (phlegm) is examined under a microscope to check for the presence of TB bacteria.
  4. Blood tests: These tests can detect antibodies produced by the body in response to TB infection.
  5. Molecular tests: These tests detect TB DNA in sputum samples and provide rapid diagnosis.

Treatment of Tuberculosis

TB is treatable and curable with appropriate medication. The standard treatment for TB involves a combination of antibiotics taken for a specified duration. The most commonly used antibiotics for TB treatment include isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Treatment typically lasts for six to nine months, depending on the type and severity of the infection.

Prevention of Tuberculosis

Preventing TB involves a combination of strategies, including:

  1. Vaccination: The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine can help prevent severe forms of TB in children.
  2. Infection control measures: These include identifying and treating active TB cases promptly, promoting good respiratory hygiene, and ensuring adequate ventilation in indoor spaces.
  3. Screening and early detection: High-risk individuals, such as healthcare workers and those living in densely populated areas, should undergo regular screening for TB.

Dr. Chhavi Gupta: Your TB Specialist

Dr. Chhavi Gupta, an experienced infectious disease specialist with qualifications including MBBS, MD, and DM from AIIMS, New Delhi, is dedicated to combating TB and providing quality care to her patients. With her expertise and compassionate approach, Dr. Gupta offers comprehensive TB diagnosis and treatment services.

Book Your Appointment Today!

Don’t delay in seeking medical attention if you suspect you may have TB. Book your appointment with Dr. Chhavi Gupta today:

📞 Call Now: +91 8851 346 424

Together, let’s work towards a TB-free world.

#Tuberculosis #TB #Healthcare #PublicHealth #DiseaseAwareness #DrChhaviGupta #AppointmentNow #AIIMSGraduate

HIV admin

Busting Myths About HIV: Dispelling Misconceptions and Promoting Understanding

HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, has long been surrounded by myths and misconceptions that contribute to stigma and discrimination against those living with the virus. In order to combat this stigma and promote a more informed and compassionate society, it’s essential to debunk these myths and provide accurate information about HIV. Let’s dive into some of the most common myths about HIV and separate fact from fiction:

Myth 1: HIV is a Death Sentence
Fact: Thanks to advancements in HIV treatment and care, HIV is no longer a death sentence. With early diagnosis and access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV can lead long and healthy lives. ART works by suppressing the virus, preventing it from damaging the immune system and reducing the risk of transmission to others.

Myth 2: HIV Can Be Transmitted Through Casual Contact
Fact: HIV is primarily transmitted through specific bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. It cannot be transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, kissing, shaking hands, sharing food or drinks, or using the same toilet seat.

Myth 3: Only Certain Groups Are at Risk of HIV
Fact: HIV can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, sexual orientation, or race. While certain populations may be at higher risk, such as men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, or those living in areas with high HIV prevalence, everyone is susceptible to HIV if engaging in behaviors that can transmit the virus.

Myth 4: You Can Tell if Someone Has HIV Just by Looking at Them
Fact: HIV is a virus that affects the immune system and does not have visible symptoms in its early stages. People living with HIV may appear healthy and asymptomatic for many years. The only way to know for sure if someone has HIV is through testing.

Myth 5: HIV Can Be Cured by Alternative Therapies or Natural Remedies
Fact: While there is ongoing research into finding a cure for HIV, there is currently no cure or alternative therapy that can eradicate the virus from the body. The most effective way to manage HIV is through ART prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Myth 6: HIV/AIDS is a Problem of the Past
Fact: While significant progress has been made in the fight against HIV/AIDS, the virus remains a global health challenge. Millions of people worldwide are living with HIV, and new infections continue to occur every day. It’s important to remain vigilant in HIV prevention efforts and to continue supporting those living with the virus.

Dispelling Myths, Promoting Understanding

By debunking these myths and providing accurate information about HIV, we can combat stigma, discrimination, and misinformation surrounding the virus. HIV is a manageable condition, and with access to testing, treatment, and support, those living with HIV can lead fulfilling lives. Let’s work together to promote understanding, compassion, and acceptance for all individuals affected by HIV.